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| Chapter
9 Sculpture |
| Additive process
|
A process in which a sculpture
is created by adding or assembling materials, as in modeling
and constructing. Contrast with subtractive process.
|
| Assemblage |
A work of art that consists of
the assembling of essentially three-dimensional objects to create
an image. Artists often manipulate these pre-existing objects
in various ways and incorporate them with other media, such
as painting or printmaking. |
| Bas-relief |
Relief sculptures that project
only slightly from their backgrounds. Contrast with high
relief. (Bas means low in French.) |
| Burnish |
To make shiny by rubbing or polishing.
|
| Carving |
In sculpture, the process of cutting
away material, such as wood. |
| Casting |
The process of creating a form
by pouring a liquid material into a mold, allowing it to harden,
and then removing the mold. |
| Constructed sculpture
|
A type of sculpture in which forms
are built up from materials such as wood, paper and string,
and sheet metal and wire. |
| Direct-metal sculpture
|
Metal sculpture that is assembled
by techniques such as welding and riveting, as opposed to being
cast. |
| Earthwork |
A work of art in which large amounts
of earth or land are shaped into a sculpture. |
| Free-standing sculpture
|
Sculpture that is
carved or cast in the round, unconnected to any architectural
member, which can be viewed from any of the 360º of vantage
points achieved by walking around it in a circle. |
| Glaze |
In painting, to coat a pained
surface with a semi-transparent color that provides a glassy
or glossy finish. In ceramics, to apply a liquid suspension
of powdered material to the surface of a ware. After drying,
the ware is fired at a temperature that causes the ingredients
to melt together to form a hard, glossy coating. |
| High-relief |
Relief sculpture that projects
from its background by at least half its natural depth. Contrast
with bas relief. |
| Kiln |
An oven used for drying and firing
ceramics. |
| Kinetic sculpture
|
Sculpture that actually moves
(as opposed to providing the illusion of movement). |
| Lost-wax technique
|
A bronze-casting process in which
an initial mold is made from a model (usually clay) and filled
with molten wax. A second, fire-resistant mold is made from
the wax, and molten bronze is cast in it. |
| Mixed media |
The use of two or more media to
create a single image. |
| Modeling |
In two-dimensional works of art,
the creation of the illusion of depth through the use of light
and shade (chiaroscuro). In sculpture, the process of shaping
a pliable material, such as clay or wax, into a three-dimensional
form. |
| Mold |
A pattern or matrix for giving
form to something in a molten or plastic state; a frame on which
something is modeled. |
| Patina |
A fine crust or film that forms
on bronze or copper because of oxidation. It usually provides
a desirable greenish or greenish-blue tint to the metal. |
| Ready-made |
Found objects that are exhibited
as works of art, frequently after being placed in a new context
and being given a new title. |
| Relief sculpture
|
Sculpture that is carved as ornament
for architecture or furniture, as opposed to free-standing
sculpture. Also see bas relief and high-relief
sculpture. |
| Subtractive process
|
A process in which a sculpture
is created by the removal of material, as in carving. Contrast
with additive process. |
